GENUS / FAMILY AS THE BASIS OF THE LIFE OF UKRAINIAN ETHNOSIS (BY FOLKLORE RESOURCES OF THE END OF THE 19TH TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

Abstract

The purpose and objectives of our study are to consider the axiological values of the family in the traditional Ukrainian society of the late nineteenth - early twentieth century, based on the material of oral creativity. This is relevant in terms of studying and promoting the ethos values of Ukrainian society, its best ethnic traditions, and mental qualities. The values of the genus and the family were highly valued in the Ukrainian traditional society. They were the basis of the material and spiritual life of human. This homo-centricity was widely reflected in oral poetry, both prose and song. The image of the kindred (family) in Ukrainian folklore rises to the level of higher existential values of human. The importance of the genus and the family in folk culture, in particular folklore, was written by M. Kostomarov, P. Zhitetsky, M. Sumtsov, I. Franko, V. Hnatyuk, M. Gaidai, M. Pasyak, A. Dey, N. Shumada, V. Skrypnyk and others. In the verbal creativity, there were echoes of the generic structure of society, when the survival of primitive people was possible only in the collective ¬- tribal community. Joint work and residence required regulation of behavior, observance of the rules of coexistence. At this time, simple norms of morality were developed in the clan communities, which included patriarchal families: respect for the father (heads of the family) and elders, the burning of the younger and weak, the patriotism, the respect of the deceased, the family, collectivism. The concept of "genus", "family", "relatives", "native land", "homeland" in folklore are verbalized in the concept of "own"/"stranger". The greatest punishment in ancient times was expulsion from the family, abandonment, deprivation of relatives. In folk songs and other folklore genres depicted the subordinate position of a woman (young woman) in a new family, marginal status of an orphan, widow. In the sense of the homeland, country or family, there may be a hut, which in this meaning gathers the cabaret measurements both externally and internally (archetypes: house-field-temple). Through the genus, the family comes to realize the affiliation of the individual to a larger formation as the state, formed a sense of patriotism, love for their homeland. The high aspiration to the "proper", its merger with the existing, is found in the carol-loving world of an ideal peasant family, where peace, harmony and love prevail, each has its own purpose and scope of duties, behaves in accordance with established ages and sexual norms